Programming fundamentals: variables, loops, and functions

What you’ll practice

From assigning variables to writing clean loops and reusable functions, this quiz focuses on the fundamentals that show up in every language.

Each question uses 4 options and no timer, so you can reason through code behavior instead of rushing.

Difficulty and quiz setup

Difficulty is mixed on purpose: you’ll see quick wins (syntax and simple tracing) alongside deeper logic and edge-case questions.

Before you start, choose the question count and difficulty that fit your goal—short practice runs for review, or longer sessions for full coverage.

Common pitfalls to watch for

• Confusing assignment with comparison (e.g., setting vs checking a value)
• Off-by-one errors in loop bounds and ranges
• Variable scope mistakes (local vs global, shadowing)
• Forgetting function return values vs printing output
• Misreading loop termination conditions and infinite loops
• Passing by value vs reference assumptions (language-dependent)

Tips to score higher

Slow down on tracing: track variable changes line by line, especially inside loops and function calls.

When stuck, eliminate options by checking types, scope, and whether the code returns a value or just produces side effects.